Ka morao

Ka 1800, setsebi sa fisiks sa Motaliana A. Volta se ile sa haha ​​​​qubu ea voltaic, e ileng ea bula tšimoloho ea libeteri tse sebetsang 'me ea hlalosa ka lekhetlo la pele bohlokoa ba electrolyte ho lisebelisoa tsa ho boloka matla a electrochemical. Electrolyte e ka bonoa e le lera la elektronike le kenyang ion-conducting ka mokhoa oa mokelikeli kapa o tiileng, o kenngoa pakeng tsa li-electrode tse mpe le tse ntle. Hona joale, electrolyte e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa e entsoe ka ho qhibiliha letsoai le tiileng la lithium (mohlala, LiPF6) ka har'a motsoako o se nang metsi oa carbonate (mohlala, EC le DMC). Ho ea ka sebopeho le moralo oa sele ka kakaretso, electrolyte hangata e nka 8% ho isa ho 15% ea boima ba sele. Eng's ho feta, ho chesa ha eona le mocheso o nepahetseng oa ho sebetsa oa -10°C ho isa ho 60°C e sitisa haholo ntlafatso ea matla a betri le polokeho. Ka hona, mekhoa e mecha ea li-electrolyte e nkoa e le eona ntho e ka sehloohong e nolofalletsang nts'etsopele ea moloko o latelang oa libeteri tse ncha.

Bafuputsi ba boetse ba sebeletsa ho theha litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa electrolyte. Ka mohlala, tšebeliso ea li-solvents tse nang le fluorinated tse ka finyellang libaesekele tse sebetsang hantle tsa lithium, li-electrolyte tsa organic kapa inorganic solid tse molemo ho indasteri ea likoloi le "libetri tsa boemo bo tiileng" (SSB). Lebaka le ka sehloohong ke hore haeba electrolyte e tiileng e nka sebaka sa electrolyte ea pele ea mokelikeli le diaphragm, polokeho, boima bo le bong ba matla le bophelo ba betri bo ka ntlafatsoa haholo. Ka mor'a moo, re akaretsa haholo-holo tsoelo-pele ea lipatlisiso tsa li-electrolyte tse tiileng ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng.

Li-electrolyte tse tiileng tsa inorganic

Li-electrolyte tse tiileng tsa inorganic li 'nile tsa sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa khoebo tsa polokelo ea matla a electrochemical, joalo ka libeteri tse ling tsa mocheso o phahameng tsa Na-S, Na-NiCl2 le libeteri tsa mantlha tsa Li-I2. Morao koana ka selemo sa 2019, Hitachi Zosen (Japan) o ile a bonts'a betri ea mekotla e tiileng ea 140 mAh e tla sebelisoa sebakeng le ho lekoa ho International Space Station (ISS). Betri ena e entsoe ka sulfide electrolyte le likarolo tse ling tsa betri tse sa tsejoeng, tse khonang ho sebetsa pakeng tsa -40.°C le 100°C. Ka 2021 k'hamphani e hlahisa betri e tiileng ea matla a 1,000 mAh. Hitachi Zosen o bona tlhokahalo ea libeteri tse tiileng bakeng sa libaka tse thata tse kang sebaka le lisebelisoa tsa indasteri tse sebetsang libakeng tse tloaelehileng. Khampani e rera ho eketsa matla a betri ka makhetlo a mabeli ka 2025. Empa ho fihlela joale, ha ho na sehlahisoa sa betri se tiileng se ka sebelisoang likoloing tsa motlakase.

Li-electrolyte tsa 'mele tse tiileng le tse tiileng

Sehlopheng sa organic solid electrolyte, Bolloré ea Fora e atlehile ho rekisa electrolyte ea mofuta oa gel PVDF-HFP le electrolyte ea mofuta oa gel PEO. Khampani e boetse e qalile mananeo a lifofane tsa ho arolelana likoloi Amerika Leboea, Europe le Asia ho sebelisa theknoloji ena ea betri ho likoloi tsa motlakase, empa betri ena ea polymer ha e e-s'o amoheloe ka ho pharaletseng likoloing tsa baeti. Ntho e 'ngoe e tlatselletsang ho se amoheleheng ha bona khoebong ke hore li ka sebelisoa feela ka mocheso o batlang o le holimo haholo (50°C ho isa ho 80°C) le mefuta e fokolang ea motlakase. Hona joale libeteri tsena li se li sebelisoa likoloing tsa khoebo, tse kang libese tse ling tsa litoropo. Ha ho na linyeoe tsa ho sebetsa ka libeteri tse tiileng tsa polymer electrolyte mocheso oa kamore (ke hore, hoo e ka bang 25).°C).

Sehlopha sa semisolid se kenyelletsa li-electrolyte tse nang le viscous haholo, joalo ka metsoako e qhibilihisang letsoai, motsoako oa electrolyte o nang le motsoako oa letsoai o ka holimo ho standard 1 mol/L, o nang le lintlha kapa lintlha tsa saturation holimo ho 4 mol/L. Matšoenyeho a metsoako ea electrolyte e tsepamisitsoeng ke lintho tse batlang li le ngata tsa letsoai la fluorinated, tse hlahisang lipotso mabapi le litaba tsa lithium le phello ea tikoloho ea li-electrolyte tse joalo. Lebaka ke hobane thekiso ea sehlahisoa se seng se holile e hloka tlhahlobo e felletseng ea potoloho ea bophelo. 'Me lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa li-electrolyte tse lokisitsoeng tsa semi-solid le tsona li hloka ho ba bonolo le ho fumaneha habonolo hore li kenelle habonolo likoloing tsa motlakase.

Li-electrolyte tsa Hybrid

Li-electrolyte tsa Hybrid, tse tsejoang hape e le li-electrolyte tse tsoakiloeng, li ka fetoloa ho ipapisitsoe le li-electrolyte tse kopaneng tsa metsi / organic solvent hybrid kapa ka ho eketsa tharollo ea mokelikeli o se nang metsi ho electrolyte e tiileng, ho nahanoa ka manufacturability le scalability ea li-electrolyte tse tiileng le litlhoko tsa theknoloji ea stacking. Leha ho le joalo, li-electrolyte tse joalo tse nyalisitsoeng li ntse li le sethaleng sa lipatlisiso 'me ha ho na mehlala ea khoebo.

Ho nahanoa ka nts'etsopele ea khoebo ea electrolyte

Melemo e meholo ka ho fetisisa ea li-electrolyte tse tiileng ke polokeho e phahameng le bophelo ba potoloho e telele, empa lintlha tse latelang li lokela ho nahanoa ka hloko ha ho hlahlojoa metsi a mang kapa li-electrolyte tse tiileng:

• Mokhoa oa tlhahiso le moralo oa sistimi ea electrolyte e tiileng. Libetri tsa laboratori tsa gauge hangata li na le likaroloana tse tiileng tsa electrolyte tse botenya ba li-micron tse makholo a 'maloa, tse koahetsoeng ka lehlakoreng le leng la li-electrode. Lisele tsena tse nyane tse tiileng ha li emele ts'ebetso e hlokahalang bakeng sa lisele tse kholo (10 ho isa ho 100Ah), kaha matla a 10 ~ 100Ah ke lintlha tse fokolang tse hlokahalang bakeng sa libeteri tsa motlakase tsa hajoale.
• Electrolyte e tiileng e boetse e nkela sebaka sa diaphragm sebaka. Kaha boima ba eona le botenya ba eona bo boholo ho feta diaphragm ea PP/PE, e tlameha ho fetoloa ho fihlela boima ba 'mele.≥350Wh/kgle tšubuhlellano ea matla≥900Wh/L ho qoba ho sitisa khoebo ea eona.

Betri e lula e le kotsi ea polokeho ho isa tekanyong e itseng. Li-electrolyte tse tiileng, le hoja li sireletsehile ho feta metsi, ha se hakaalo hore li sa chese. Li-polymer tse ling le li-electrolyte tsa inorganic li ka sebetsana le oksijene kapa metsi, tsa hlahisa mocheso le likhase tse chefo tse bakang kotsi ea mollo le ho phatloha. Ntle le lisele tse le 'ngoe, lipolasetiki, likhese le thepa ea ho paka li ka baka mollo o sa laoleheng. Kahoo qetellong, tlhahlobo e akaretsang, ea boemo ba ts'ireletso ea sistimi ea hlokahala.