Khabone ea maoto
Semelo le mokhoa oa hoEU's “Taolo e Ncha ea Battery”
Taolo ea EU mabapi le Libetri le Libetri tsa litšila,e tsejoang hape e le theEU's New Battery Regulation, e hlahisitsoe ke EU ka December 2020 hore butle-butle e hlakole Directive 2006/66/EC, e fetole Regulation (EU) No 2019/1020, le ho ntlafatsa melao ea betri ea EU.
Taelo ea hajoale ea betri (2006/66/EC), e hatisitsoeng ka 2006, haholo-holo e beha meeli holim'a boleng bo fokotsang le ho tšoaea lintho tse kotsi (mercury, cadmium le lead) tse ka har'a libeteri tse behiloeng 'marakeng oa EU, empa ha e hlalose ts'ebetso e ngoe. matšoao a sethaleng sa tlhahiso ea betri, tšebeliso le ho e sebelisa hape. TheTaolo e Ncha ea Battery e fana ka khaello ena, e sisinya letoto la litlhokahalo bakeng sa libeteri tse tšoarellang, tse ka sebelisoang hape le tse bolokehileng, ho kenyeletsoa melaoana ea khabone, litaba tse fokolang tsa ho sebelisoa hape, maemo a ts'ebetso le ho tšoarella, joalo-joalo. Keketso ea khabone tokisong ena ea taolo ea betri e hohetse tlhokomelo e khethehileng ho tsoa ho bahlahisi. Haufinyane tjena, MCM e amohetse lipotso tse ngata tse amanang le sena, kahoo re hlophisa le ho sekaseka litaba le litlhoko tsa khabone mona bakeng sa tšupiso ea hau.
Litlhoko tsa sebaka sa carbon footprint
Khaolo ea 7 eaTaolo e Ncha ea Battery e mabapi le litlhoko tsa khabone bakeng sa libeteri tsa koloi ea motlakase, likoloi tse bobebe le libeteri tsa indasteri. Libetri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase le libeteri tsa indasteri tse nchafalitsoeng tse nang le matla a fetang 2kWh li lokela ho tsamaea le litokomane tsa tekheniki. Mohlala o mong le o mong oa betri le sehlopha se seng le se seng sa semela sa tlhahiso se lokela ho ba le polelo ea khabone, ho kenyelletsa:
(a) Boitsebiso ka moetsi;
(b) Litokomane tsa mofuta oa betri eo phatlalatso e sebetsang ho eona;
(c) Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le sebaka sa sebaka sa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea betri;
(d) Boemo ba khabone ea potoloho ea bophelo ba betri bo ka lik'hilograma tsa CO2 lekana;
(e) Khabone ea khabone ea betri mokhahlelong o mong le o mong oa potoloho ea bophelo ba eona;
(f) Nomoro ea boitsebahatso ea tumellano ea betri ea EU
Mokhoa oa ho bala oa carbon footprint
Mekhoa ea ho bala ea carbon footprint e fanoe ho Sehlomathiso sa II saTaolo e Ncha ea Battery. Ho na le mefuta e meraro:
1) Sehlahisoa sa Boemo ba Tikoloho (PEF)
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013H0179&from=EN
2) Melao ea Sehlopha sa Tlhaho ea Tikoloho (PEFCRs)
https://green-business.ec.europa.eu/environmental-footprint-methods_en
3) Litumellano tsa machaba le tsoelopele ea tekheniki lefapheng la tlhahlobo ea potoloho ea bophelo
Palo ea potoloho ea bophelo ea carbon footprint e lokela ho theoa holim'a bili ea thepa, matla le lisebelisoa tse thusang tse sebelisoang ho hlahisa mofuta o itseng oa betri semeleng se itseng. Haholo-holo, likarolo tsa elektroniki (joalo ka likarolo tsa taolo ea betri, likarolo tsa polokeho) le lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa elektrode ke tsona tse tlatselletsang haholo molemong oa khabone ea libeteri. Polelo ea carbon footprint e lokela ho ba ea mofuta oa betri e hlahisoang sebakeng se itseng sa tlhahiso. Liphetoho lethathamong la lisebelisoa kapa motsoako oa matla o sebelisitsoeng li hloka palo e ncha ea khabone ea mohlala oa betri.
Tekanyo ea tšebetso ea khabone
Ho ipapisitsoe le kabo ea boleng bo phatlalalitsoeng ba khabone ea betri 'marakeng, boemo ba ts'ebetso ea carbon footprint bo tla ikemisetsa ho fihlela phapang ea mebaraka. Sehlopha sa A ke sehlopha se setle ka ho fetisisa se nang le tšusumetso e tlase ea khabone bophelong ba potoloho. Khomishene e tla etsa qeto ka tekanyo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea potoloho ea khabone ea bophelo bakeng sa libeteri tsa indasteri tse nang le matla a fetang 2kWh ho ipapisitsoe le lintlha tsa ts'ebetso. Ka nako eo, libeteri tse fetang moeli oa carbon footprint li kanna tsa se romelloe ho EU.
Letsatsi la ts'ebetso ea Carbon footprint
²Ho tloha ka la 1 Phupu 2024, libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase, libeteri tsa lipalangoang tse bobebe le libeteri tsa indasteri li tla hlokoa ho phatlalatsa mehato ea bona ea khabone;
²Ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekhong 2025, libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase, libeteri tsa lipalangoang tse bobebe le libeteri tsa indasteri li tla hloka tekanyo ea ts'ebetso ea khabone;
(Khomishene ea Europe e tla phatlalatsa mokhoa oa litekanyetso ka la 31 Tšitoe 2024)
²Ho tloha ka la 1 Phupu 2027, libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase, libeteri tsa lipalangoang tse bobebe le libeteri tsa liindasteri tse nang le matla a ka holimo ho 2kWh li tla hlokoa ho ba le moeli o phahameng oa potoloho ea bophelo ba khabone.
(Khomishene ea Europe e tla fana ka moeli oa khabone ka la 1 Phupu 2025)
Theko ea khabone
Kenyelletso e khutšoanyane
Mokhoa oa ho fetola moeli oa carbon(CBAM) ke tefiso e khethehileng ea likhase tsa carbon dioxide lihlahisoa tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, tse tsejoang hape e le lekhetho la ho fetola moeli oa carbon. Ka 2021, e le ho fihlela sepheo sa ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea khabone ka 55% ka 2030, EU e phatlalalitse.E lekana le 55, letoto la melao e hlophisitsoeng e kenyeletsang litefiso tsa carbon.
Sebaka sa kopo
CBAM e akaretsa masimo a tšepe, samente, manyolo, aluminium le motlakase, lik'hemik'hale (hydrogen, ammonia, ammonia water) le li-polymers (lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki). Linaha kapa libaka tse ling li lokolotsoe ho tsoa makhethong a amehang, haholo-holo linaha tseo e seng tsa EU kapa libaka tse keneng tsamaisong ea khoebo ea likhase tsa EU, kapa linaha le libaka tse amohetseng tsamaiso ea khoebo ea likhase tsa EU, empa ho sa kenyeletsoe China.
Taba ea lekhetho
Taba ea lekhetho ea CBAM ke morekisi kantle ho EU.Batho ba tsoang kantle ho naha ba tlameha ho ingolisa le bolaoli ba tsamaiso ba EU CBAM mme ba ka reka kantle ho naha lihlahisoa tse amehang feela kamora tumello. E latelang ke mokhoa oa ho bala litšenyehelo:
Litefiso tsa CBAM = theko ea khabone ka yuniti (EUR/ton) x tlhahiso ea khabone (ton)
Khabone e tsoang (lithane)=carbon emission intensty × bongata ba sehlahisoa (lithane)
Nako ea phetoho
CBAM e tla qala ts'ebetso ea liteko ka Mphalane selemong sena. Nako ea ho tloha ka 2023 ho isa ho 2026 e tla ba mohato oa ts'ebetso oa liteko oa CBAM. Nakong ea phetoho, barekisi ba EU ba tla hloka feela ho fana ka lintlha tsa tlhahiso ea kotara (tsebiso mabapi le palo eohle ea lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha ka kotara, tlhahiso e tobileng le e sa tobang ea khabone ea lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha, litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea khabone e lefelloang ke lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha naheng eo li tsoang ho eona, joalo-joalo) 'me ho ke ke ha hlokahala hore u lefe litefiso tsa khabone lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha. Ho tloha ka 2027 ho ea pele, barekisi ba EU ba tla koptjoa ho fana ka palo e tsamaellanang ea mangolo a netefatso a elektroniki a CBAM, ke hore, litefiso tsa khabone li tla beoa.
Lintlha: 1. Khabone e hlahisoang ka kotloloho: Ho tsoa ha sehlahisoa nakong ea tlhahiso tlas'a taolo e tobileng ea moetsi.
2. Khabone e sa tobang: Mesi e bakoang ke tšebeliso ea motlakase nakong ea tlhahiso ea sehlahisoa.
EU CBAM e sebelisa mokhoa oohle oa potoloho ea bophelo ho lekanya tlhahiso ea khabone. Haeba khoebo e sa khone ho bala ka nepo, matla a tlhahiso ea khabone ea kamehla ke karolelano ea matla a khabone a ts'ebetso e tlase ea khabone (ka tlase ho 10%) ealikhoebo ho hlahisa mofuta o tshoanang wa dihlahiswa naheng e rekisetsang kantle. Haeba k'hamphani e sa fane ka lintlha tse mabapi le likhase tsa khabone, ho tla sebelisoa karolelano ea matla a khabone ea baetsi ba khabone e tlase haholo (ka tlase ho 5%) ea likhoebo tse hlahisang mofuta o tšoanang oa lihlahisoa EU.
Qetello
Motsoako oa khabone o tsamaea ka nako eohle ea bophelo ba betri, e kenyelletsang lisebelisoa tse tala, tlhahiso, ketane ea phepelo, ts'ebeliso le ho e sebelisa hape. Linaha tsa EUTaolo e Ncha ea Battery le litefiso tsa khabone li lebisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ho khabone ea lihlahisoa, 'me li etsa litlhoko tse thata le tse hlakileng haholoanyane bakeng sa liphatlalatso tsa carbon footprint ea betri, litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso le menyako, le lisebelisoa tse tsosolositsoeng. Hajoale, indasteri ea betri ea China ha e na litekanyetso le mekhoa ea ho bala likhase tsa carbon footprint, 'me data ea betri ea carbon footprint ha e na letho. Ebang ke phatlalatso ea data ea pele ea carbon footprint, kapa litekanyetso tse latelang tsa carbon footprint le melaoana e tla tlisa mathata a maholo ho theko ea thekiso ea lihlahisoa le ho romela kantle ho naha. Hona joale ho na le lik'hamphani tse ling tsa li-betri tsa malapeng li hlahisitse lihlahisoa tsa zero-carbon, mabenkele a nang le zero-carbon, lifeme tsa zero-carbon. Likhamphani tse ling le tsona li hloka ho utloisisa ka nako le ho fihlela litlhoko tsa melaoana ea EU kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang, ho netefatsa hore thomello ea libeteri le lihlahisoa tse ling ho EU e tsamaellana le melaoana.
Khoeli e tlang ea khoeli le khoeli e tla u tlisetsa tlhaloso ea likarolo tse ka sebelisoang hape tsa libeteri Khaolong ea 8 ea EU's Taolo e Ncha ea Battery: libeteri tse nkehang, libeteri tsa lipalangoang tse bobebe, libeteri tsa indasteri, libeteri tsa koloi tsa motlakase le libeteri tsa likoloi.
Nako ea poso: Jul-08-2023