Ka morao

Ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji le ho potlakisa ha indasteri, lik'hemik'hale li sebelisoa haholo tlhahiso. Lintho tsena li ka baka tšilafalo tikolohong nakong ea tlhahiso, ts'ebeliso, le ho tsoa, ​​ka hona tsa sitisa botsitso ba tikoloho. Lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse nang le carcinogenic, mutagenic, le chefo le tsona li ka baka mafu a sa tšoaneng tlas'a ts'oaetso ea nako e telele, e leng kotsi bophelong ba batho.

Joalo ka motšehetsi oa bohlokoa oa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho ea machabeng, European Union (EU) e ntse e nka mehato e matla le ho etsa melaoana ea ho thibela lintho tse fapaneng tse kotsi ha e ntse e matlafatsa tlhahlobo le tlhokomelo ea lik'hemik'hale ho fokotsa kotsi tikolohong le bathong. EU e tla tsoelapele ho ntlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa melao le melaoana ho arabela litaba tse ncha tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle ha tsoelo-pele ea saense le theknoloji le tlhokomeliso ea kelello e ntse e tsoela pele. Ka tlase ke kenyelletso e felletseng ea melawana/litaelo tse amehang tsa EU mabapi le litlhoko tsa lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale.

Tataiso ea RoHS

2011/65/EU Taelo mabapi le thibelo ea tšebeliso ea lintho tse itseng tse kotsi thepa ea motlakase le ea elektroniki(RoHS Directive) ke ataelo e tlamange entsoeng ke EU. Tataiso ea RoHS e theha melao e thibelang tšebeliso ea lintho tse kotsi thepa ea motlakase le ea elektroniki (EEE), ka sepheo sa ho sireletsa bophelo ba batho le polokeho ea tikoloho, le ho khothaletsa ho sebelisoa hape le ho lahla litšila tsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki.

Sebaka sa kopo

Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a lekantsoeng a sa feteng 1000V AC kapa 1500V DCe kenyelletsa, empa ha e felle feela, ho lihlopha tse latelang:

lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa ntlo, lisebelisoa tse nyenyane tsa ntlo, theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseding le lisebelisoa tsa puisano, lisebelisoa tsa bareki, lisebelisoa tsa mabone, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektronike, lipapali le lisebelisoa tsa lipapali tsa boithabiso, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, lisebelisoa tsa ho beha leihlo (ho kenyeletsoa le lisebelisoa tsa indasteri), le mechine ea ho rekisa.

Tlhokahalo

Tataiso ea RoHS e hloka hore lintho tse thibetsoeng ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki ha lia lokela ho feta meeli ea tsona ea mahloriso. Lintlha ke tse latelang:

Label

Baetsi ba tlameha ho fana ka phatlalatso ea ho lumellana, ho bokella litokomane tsa tekheniki, le ho beha letšoao la CE lihlahisoa ho bontša hore ba latela Taelo ea RoHS.Litokomane tsa tekheniki li tlameha ho kenyelletsa litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea thepa, likoloto tsa thepa, liphatlalatso tsa barekisi, joalo-joalo. Baetsi ba tlameha ho boloka litokomane tsa tekheniki le phatlalatso ea EU ea tumellano bonyane lilemo tse 10 ka mor'a hore lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki li behoe 'marakeng ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo ea 'maraka. licheke. Lihlahisoa tse sa lumellaneng le melaoana li ka 'na tsa khutlisetsoa morao.

FIHLELA Taolo

(EC) No 1907/2006MOLAO o mabapi le Ngoliso, Tekolo, Tumello le Thibelo ea Lik'hemik'hale (REACH), e leng molao oa ngoliso, tlhahlobo, tumello le thibelo ea lik'hemik'hale, e emela karolo ea bohlokoa ea molao bakeng sa taolo e thibelang ea lik'hemik'hale ea EU e kenang 'marakeng oa eona. Taolo ea REACH e ikemiselitse ho netefatsa boemo bo phahameng ba tšireletso bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba batho le tikoloho, ho khothaletsa mekhoa e meng ea ho lekola likotsi tsa lintho, ho tsamaisa phallo ea mahala ea lintho ka har'a 'maraka o ka hare, le ka nako e ts'oanang ho matlafatsa tlholisano le boqapi.Likarolo tsa mantlha tsa molao oa REACH li kenyelletsa ngoliso, tlhahlobo,tumello, le thibelo.

Ngodiso

Moetsi e mong le e mong kapa moreki ea tsoang kantle ho naha ea hlahisang kapa ea tlisang lik'hemik'hale ka bongata bo felletsenge fetang 1 ton/selemoho hlokahala horomela dossier ea tekheniki ho European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) bakeng sa ngoliso. Bakeng sa linthoho feta lithane tse 10 ka selemo, tlhahlobo ea polokeho ea lik'hemik'hale le eona e tlameha ho etsoa, ​​'me tlaleho ea polokeho ea lik'hemik'hale e tlameha ho phethoa.

• Haeba sehlahisoa se na le Lintho tse Tšoenyehileng haholo (SVHC) 'me mahloriso a feta 0.1% (ka boima ba 'mele), moetsi kapa moreki o tlameha ho fana ka Letlapa la Boitsebiso ba Tšireletso (SDS) ho basebelisi ba tlaase le ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding ho database ea SCIP.
• Haeba bongata ba SVHC bo feta 0.1% ka boima ba 'mele 'me bongata bo feta tonne e le 1/selemo, moetsi kapa moreki oa thepa le eena o tlameha ho tsebisa ECHA.
• Haeba kakaretso ea bongata ba ntho e ngolisitsoeng kapa e tsebisitsoeng e fihla moeling o latelang oa tonnage, moetsi kapa morekisi o tlameha ho fa ECHA hang-hang lintlha tse ling tse hlokahalang bakeng sa boemo boo ba tonnage.

Tlhahlobo

Ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo e na le likarolo tse peli: tlhahlobo ea lintlha le tlhahlobo ea thepa.

Tekolo ea lintlha e bua ka mokhoa oo ECHA e hlahlobang tlhahisoleseling ea lintlha tsa tekheniki, litlhoko tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhaiso-leseling, tlhahlobo ea polokeho ea lik'hemik'hale, le litlaleho tsa polokeho ea lik'hemik'hale tse rometsoeng ke likhoebo ho fumana hore na ba lumellana le litlhoko tse behiloeng. Haeba ba sa finyelle litlhoko, khoebo e tlameha ho fana ka tlhahisoleseling e hlokahalang ka nako e lekanyelitsoeng. ECHA e khetha bonyane 20% ea lifaele tse fetang lithane tse 100 / selemo hore li hlahlojoe selemo le selemo.

Tlhahlobo ea lithethefatsi ke mokhoa oa ho fumana likotsi tse hlahisoang ke lik'hemik'hale bophelong ba batho le tikolohong. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea chefo ea bona, litsela tsa ho pepeseha, maemo a ho pepeseha, le kotsi e ka bang teng. E ipapisitse le lintlha tsa kotsi le boima ba lithane tsa lik'hemik'hale, ECHA e theha moralo oa tlhahlobo oa lilemo tse tharo. Ba boholong ba nang le bokhoni ba etsa tlhahlobo ea thepa ho latela moralo ona le ho fana ka liphetho.

Authorization

Sepheo sa tumello ke ho etsa bonnete ba hore 'maraka oa ka hare o sebetsa ka thelelo, hore likotsi tsa SVHC li laoloe ka nepo le hore lintho tsena li nkeloa sebaka ke lintho kapa mekhoa e meng e loketseng moruo le botekgeniki. Likopo tsa tumello li lokela ho romelloa ho European Environmental Agency hammoho le foromo ea kopo ea tumello. Karolelano ea SVHC haholo-holo e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e latelang:

(1) Lintho tsa CMR: Lintho ke carcinogenic, mutagenic le chefo ho ikatisa

(2) Lintho tsa PBT: Lintho li phehella, bioaccumulative le chefo (PBT)

(3) Lintho tsa vPvB: Lintho li phehella haholo ebile li na le bioaccumulative haholo

(4) Lintho tse ling tseo ho nang le bopaki ba mahlale ba hore li ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba batho kapa tikolohong.

Thibelo

ECHA e tla thibela tlhahiso kapa ho kenngoa ha thepa kapa sengoloa ho EU haeba e nka hore ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, tlhahiso, ho beoa 'marakeng e beha kotsi ho bophelo ba batho le tikoloho e ke keng ea laoloa ka nepo.Thepa kapa lingoliloeng tse kenyellelitsoeng Lethathamong la Lintho Tse Behelitsoeng (FIHLA Sehlomathiso XVII) li tlameha ho ipapisa le lithibelo pele li ka hlahisoa, tsa etsoa kapa tsa beoa 'marakeng ho EU, mme lihlahisoa tse sa ikobeleng litlhokahalo li tla hopoloa,kotloetsoe.

Hajoale, litlhoko tsa REACH Annex XVII li kenyellelitsoe Molaong o mocha oa Battery oa EU.. To kenya 'marakeng oa EU, hoa hlokahala ho latela litlhoko tsa REACH Annex XVII.

Label

Taolo ea REACH hajoale ha e maemong a taolo ea CE, 'me ha ho na litlhoko tsa setifikeiti sa tumellano kapa ho tšoaea CE. Leha ho le joalo, European Union Market Supervision and Administration Agency e tla lula e hlahloba lihlahisoa tse 'marakeng oa EU,' me haeba li sa fihlelle litlhoko tsa REACH, li tla tobana le kotsi ea ho hopoloa.

POPsTaolo

(EU) 2019/1021 Taolo ea Litšilafatso tse Tsoelang Pele tsa Lintho, e bitsoang POPs Regulation, e ikemiselitse ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha lintho tsena le ho sireletsa bophelo ba batho le tikoloho kotsing ea tsona ka ho thibela kapa ho thibela tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea lintho tse silafatsang tse lulang li le teng. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) ke lintho tse silafatsang tse lulang li le teng tse lulang li le teng, tse bokellanang ka lintho tse phelang, tse sa tsitsang le tse chefo haholo, tse khonang ho tsamaisa nako e telele tse bakang kotsi e kholo bophelong ba batho le tikolohong ka moea, metsi le. lintho tse phelang.

Melawana ya POPs e sebetsa ho dintho tsohle, metswako, le dingolwa ka hara EU.E thathamisa lintho tse hlokang ho laoloa le ho bolela mehato e tsamaellanang ea taolo le mekhoa ea taolo ea thepa. E boetse e sisinya mehato ea ho fokotsa le ho laola ho lokolloa kapa ho tsoa ha bona. Ho feta moo, molao ona o boetse o akaretsa tsamaiso le ho lahla litšila tse nang le li-POP, ho netefatsa hore likarolo tsa POPs lia senngoa kapa li kena phetohong e ke keng ea fetoloa, e le hore litšila le mesi e setseng e se ke ea hlola e bontša litšobotsi tsa POPs.

Label

Joalo ka REACH, bopaki ba ho latela melao le ho ngola CE ha li hlokehe hajoale, empa lithibelo tsa taolo li ntse li hloka ho phethoa.

Tataiso ea Battery

2006/66/EC Taelo mabapi le libeteri le li-accumulator le libeteri tsa litšila le li-accumulator(e bitsoang Battery Directive), e sebetsa ho mefuta eohle ea libeteri le li-accumulators, ntle le lisebelisoa tse amanang le litabatabelo tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ireletso tsa Linaha tseo e leng Litho tsa EU le lisebelisoa tse reretsoeng ho qala sebakeng. Taelo e fana ka litokiso tsa ho beha libeteri le li-accumulators 'marakeng, hape le lipehelo tse khethehileng bakeng sa ho bokella, ho phekola, ho khutlisa le ho lahla libeteri tse litšila.TDirective ea haeho lebeletsoe ho bae hlakotsoe ka la 18 Phato 2025.

Tlhokahalo

1. Libetri tsohle le li-accumulator tse behiloeng 'marakeng tse nang le mercury content (ka boima ba 'mele) tse fetang 0.0005% li thibetsoe.
2. Libetri tsohle tse nkehang habobebe le li-accumulator tse behiloeng 'marakeng tse nang le cadmium content (ka boima ba 'mele) tse fetang 0.002% ha lia lumelloa.
3. Lintlha tse peli tse ka holimo ha li sebetse lits'ebetsong tsa alamo ea tšohanyetso (ho kenyeletsoa mabone a tšohanyetso) le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka.
4. Likhoebo li khothaletsoa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e akaretsang ea tikoloho ea libeteri bophelong bohle ba tsona, le ho nts'etsapele libeteri le li-accumulator tse nang le lead e nyane, mercury, cadmium le lintho tse ling tse kotsi.
5. Linaha tseo e leng Litho tsa EU li tla etsa meralo e nepahetseng ea pokello ea libeteri tsa litšila, 'me bahlahisi/baphatlalatsi ba tla ngolisa le ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa mahala tsa pokello ea libeteri Linaheng tseo e leng Litho tseo ba rekisang ho tsona. Haeba sehlahisoa se na le betri, moetsi oa sona o boetse o nkoa e le moetsi oa betri.

Label

Libetri kaofela, li-accumulators, le lipakete tsa libeteri li lokela ho tšoauoa ka lets'oao le ts'oeroeng, 'me matla a libeteri tsohle tse nkehang le tsa koloi le li-accumulator li tla hlahisoa leiboleng.Libetri le li-accumulator tse nang le cadmium e fetang 0.002 % kapa lead e fetang 0.004 % li tla tšoauoa ka letšoao le amehang la lik'hemik'hale (Cd kapa Pb) 'me li tla koahela bonyane kotara ea sebaka sa letšoao.Letšoao le tla bonahala ka ho hlaka, le balehe le ho se hlakohe. Kakaretso le boholo li tla tsamaellana le lipehelo tse amehang.

Letšoao la Dustbin

Tataiso ea WEEE

2012/19/EU Taelo mabapi le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki tse senyehileng(WEEE) ke puso ea bohlokoa ea EU bakeng saPokello ea WEEE le kalafo. E beha mehato ea ho sireletsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle ba batho ka ho thibela kapa ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe tsa tlhahiso le taolo ea WEEE le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella ka ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa.

Sebaka sa Kopo

Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a lekantsoeng a sa feteng 1000V AC kapa 1500V DC, ho kenyelletsa le mefuta e latelang:

Lisebelisoa tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso, li-skrini, lipontšo le lisebelisoa tse nang le li-skrini (tse nang le sebaka se seholo ho feta 100 cm2), lisebelisoa tse kholo (tse nang le litekanyo tsa ka ntle tse fetang 50cm), lisebelisoa tse nyenyane (tse nang le litekanyo tse ka ntle tse sa feteng 50cm), theknoloji e nyenyane ea tlhahisoleseding le lisebelisoa tsa puisano ( ka litekanyo tsa kantle tse sa feteng 50cm).

Tlhokahalo

1. Taelo e hloka hore Linaha tseo e leng Litho li nke mehato e nepahetseng ho khothaletsa tšebeliso, ho qhaqhoa le ho sebelisoa bocha ha WEEE le likarolo tsa eona ho latelalitlhoko tsa eco-designea Taelo ea 2009/125/EC; bahlahisi ba ke ke ba thibela ho sebelisoa hape ha WEEE ka likarolo tse itseng tsa sebopeho kapa lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso, ntle le maemong a ikhethileng.
2. Linaha tseo e leng Litho li tla nka mehato e nepahetsengho hlopha le ho bokella WEEE ka nepo, ho etelletsa pele lisebelisoa tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso tse nang le lintho tse senyang ozone le likhase tse futhumatsang mocheso, mabone a fluorescent a nang le mercury, liphanele tsa photovoltaic le lisebelisoa tse nyane. Linaha tseo e leng litho li tla boela li netefatse hore molao-motheo oa "boikarabello ba bahlahisi", o hlokang hore lik'hamphani li thehe libaka tsa ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa ho finyella tekanyo e tlaase ea selemo le selemo ea pokello e itšetlehileng ka bongata ba baahi. WEEE e hlophisitsoeng e lokela ho tšoaroa hantle.
3. Likhoebo tse rekisang lihlahisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki ho EU li tla ngolisoa ho Naha eo e leng Litho hore e rekisoe ho latela litlhoko tse amehang.
4. Thepa ea elektronike le ea motlakase e lokela ho tšoauoa ka matšoao a hlokahalang, a lokelang ho bonahala ka ho hlaka le hore a se ke a taboha habonolo ka ntle ho thepa.
5. Taelo e hloka hore Linaha tseo e leng Litho li thehe litsamaiso tse nepahetseng tsa likhothatso le likotlo ho netefatsa hore litaba tsa Taelo li ka kengoa tšebetsong ka botlalo.

Label

Letšoao la WEEE le tšoana le letlapa la litaelo tsa betri, tseo ka bobeli li hlokang hore "letšoao le arohaneng la pokello" (letšoao la dustbin) le tšoauoe, 'me litlhaloso tsa boholo li ka bolela taelo ea betri.

Tataiso ea ELV

2000/53/ECTaelo mabapi le likoloi tsa End-of life(ELV Directive)e koahela likoloi tsohle le likoloi tsa ho qetela, ho kenyeletsoa likarolo le thepa ea tsona.E ikemiselitse ho thibela ho hlahisoa ha litšila ho tsoa likoloing, ho khothaletsa tšebeliso le ho khutlisoa ha likoloi tsa bophelo bo botle le likarolo tsa tsona le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tikoloho ea bakhanni bohle ba amehang bophelong ba likoloi.

Tlhokahalo

1. Maemo a phahameng a mahloriso ka boima ba thepa e tšoanang ha a na ho feta 0.1% bakeng sa lead, hexavalent chromium le mercury, le 0.01% bakeng sa cadmium. Likoloi le likarolo tsa tsona tse fetang moeli o moholo oa mahloriso 'me li se ka har'a sebaka sa ho lokolloa li ke ke tsa behoa' marakeng.
2. Moralo le tlhahiso ea likoloi li tla ela hloko ka botlalo ho qhaqha, ho sebelisoa hape le ho sebelisoa bocha ha likoloi le likarolo tsa tsona kamora hore li felisoe, 'me lisebelisoa tse ling tse sebelisoang hape li ka kopanngoa.
3. Basebelisi ba moruo ba tla theha litsamaiso tsa ho bokella likoloi tsohle tsa ho qetela, 'me moo ho ka khonehang, likarolo tsa litšila tse bakoang ke tokiso ea likoloi, moo ho ka khonehang. Likoloi tsa ho qetela li tla tsamaea le setifikeiti sa timetso 'me li fetisetsoe setsing se lumelletsoeng sa phekolo. Bahlahisi ba tla fana ka tlhahisoleseding ea ho qhaqha joalo-joalo nakong ea likhoeli tse tšeletseng ka mor'a ho beha koloi 'marakeng 'me ba tla jara litšenyehelo tsohle kapa boholo ba pokello, phekolo le ho khutlisa likoloi tsa ho qetela.
4. Linaha tseo e leng litho li tla nka mehato e hlokahalang ho netefatsa hore basebetsi ba moruo ba theha mekhoa e lekaneng bakeng sa pokello ea likoloi tsa ho qetela le ho finyella lipakane tse tsamaellanang tsa ho hlaphoheloa le ho sebelisoa hape le ho tsosolosoa le hore ho boloka le ho phekoloa ha likoloi tsa ho qetela ho nka. beha ho latela litlhoko tsa bonyane tse amehang tsa tekheniki.

Label

Taelo ea hajoale ea ELV e kenyellelitsoe litlhoko tsa molao o mocha oa betri oa EU. Haeba e le sehlahisoa sa betri ea koloi, e hloka ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ELV le molao oa betri pele letšoao la CE le ka sebelisoa.

Qetello

Ho akaretsa, EU e na le mefuta e mengata ea lithibelo ho lik'hemik'hale ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea lintho tse kotsi le ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba batho le tšireletso ea tikoloho. Letoto lena la mehato le bile le phello e kholo indastering ea betri, ka bobeli e khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa betri tse baballang tikoloho le ho khothaletsa boqapi le nts'etsopele ea thekenoloji, le ho ntlafatsa tlhokomeliso ea bareki ka lihlahisoa tse amehang le ho phatlalatsa mohopolo oa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella le tšebeliso e tala. Ha melao le melawana e amehang e tswela pele ho ntlafala le matsapa a taolo a ntse a matlafatswa, ho na le mabaka a ho dumela hore indasteri ya dibetri e tla tswelapele ho ntshetsapele ka tsela e phetseng hantle le e baballang tikoloho.